This post will be continuously updated throughout the 2022 election season. It was last updated Tuesday, Nov. 9 with links to stories noting all three ballot initiatives passed by large margins.

• Michigan Proposal 3 supporting abortion rights wins big
• Michigan Proposals 1 and 2 passed handily by voters Tuesday

LANSING — Michiganders will consider three proposals on the Nov. 8 ballot, including measures to enshrine abortion rights, allow nine days of early voting and reform term limits.

The Michigan Supreme Court ordered on Sept. 8 to place the abortion and voting proposals on the ballot, settling a weekslong debate on whether the initiatives should qualify for the ballot over alleged formatting defects.

Opposition groups targeted spacing issues in the abortion rights proposal and argued the voting rights measure did not disclose its full impact on existing sections of the constitution. Supporters pushed the issue to court and eventually won.

Related:

• Michigan absentee ballots mailed this week for Nov. 8 election: What to know
• Proposal 1 Michigan: What term limits ballot measure would do
• Proposal 2 Michigan: What voting rights ballot measure would change
• Proposal 3 Michigan: What abortion ballot measure would do if passed

Roiled in forgery scandals, technical errors and soaring signature costs, the field of petitions qualified for the November ballot in Michigan has significantly shrunk over the past months.

As of now, only one constitutional amendment proposal on term limits and financial disclosure reform will surely appear on the ballot. It circumvented the signature gathering requirements when its backers persuaded the state Legislature to directly place the initiative on the ballot, although the measure was watered down from the original version.

Only one out of 10 petition drives seeking to change the state law met the signature submission deadline of June 1 to qualify for the November ballot. A July staff report, however, found even that measure did not collect enough valid signatures to qualify for the ballot.

But some of the failed petition drives — such as conservative ballot question committees Secure MI Vote and Let MI Kids Learn — turned in signatures after the deadline, urging state election officials to review and certify them in time to present the measures to the Republican-led Legislature. 

The state does not have a legal obligation to prioritize those measures, meaning the initiatives could be presented to a less favorable Legislature following the November election. 

Bridge Michigan has compiled a primer of ballot proposals explaining what they would change, where they stand in the process, major funders and arguments surrounding them.

We will update this tracker as ballot measures move through the process throughout the year.

Here are the measures:

Proposals that will appear on the November ballot:

Proposal 1 — Voters for Transparency and Term Limits: The ballot measure would amend the state constitution to reduce the maximum length a lawmaker can serve in the Legislature from 14 years to 12 years, but would allow them to serve the full tenure in one chamber. Currently, lawmakers can serve up to six years in the Michigan House and eight years in the Senate.

The constitutional amendment would also require state lawmakers, the governor, the secretary of state and the state attorney general to disclose certain financial information, including: description of assets, sources of all forms of income, description of liabilities, positions held outside their elected office, arrangements regarding future employment, continuing benefits from former employers other than the state, and payments and gifts received from lobbyists.

Category: Constitutional amendment proposal

History: On May 10, the Michigan Legislature voted to place the issue on the November ballot with watered-down language compared to the original version backed by a bipartisan group. It effectively allowed the group to skip the signature gathering process. 

More on the group: Members of the bipartisan coalition include business and labor leaders as well as prominent politicians, such as: Detroit Mayor Mike Duggan, a Democrat; former House Speaker Jase Bolger, a Republican; labor union Unite Here Local 24 President Nia Winston; former Michigan Chamber of Commerce CEO Rich Studley and former AFL-CIO president and member of the Wayne State Board of Governors Mark Gaffney.

What supporters say: Supporters say the measure would improve transparency among elected officials in statewide positions. They argue it would give legislators more time in one position to focus on serving their constituents but reduce the overall cap.

What opponents say: Nicolas Tomboulides, executive director of advocacy group U.S. Term Limits, called the measure “one of the worst scams I’ve seen” on social media, arguing the practical effect would be to prolong the terms of House and Senate members.

Major funders: The group received $157,500, including $75,000 from billionaire real-estate mogul Stephen Ross, principal owner of the Miami Dolphins. The rest came from unions, power companies, real estate businesses, insurers associations and a Consumers Energy-backed super PAC. 

Read more: 

• Michigan Proposal 1: What would change if voters approve term-limits law
• Term limits ballot measure: What Proposal 1 means for Michigan
• Bipartisan group seeks to revamp term limits, demand financial disclosure
• In surprise, term limit, disclosure reform heads to Michigan ballot in November

Proposal 2 - Promote the Vote 2022: The coalition of voting-rights groups seeks to amend the state constitution to:

• Allow nine days of early voting
• Publicly subsidize absentee ballots and a tracking system for the ballot location 
• Continue to allow registered voters without a state ID to sign an affidavit attesting to their identity 
• Allow public sources and charities to fund elections, subject to disclosure rules
• Allow voters to register for absentee ballots for all future elections
• Require ballot drop boxes for every 15,000 voters in a municipality
• Establish that post-election audits can only be conducted by state and local officials
• Require canvass boards to only certify election results based on the official vote counts

Category: constitutional amendment proposal

History: On Sept. 9, the Michigan Supreme Court ordered the initiative onto the November ballot. On Aug. 31, the Board of State Canvassers deadlocked 2-2 and failed to place the proposal on the November ballot. The vote came after challengers argued the initiative would repeal sections of the existing constitution but did not disclose it in its language. Sponsors cried foul, arguing the opposition failed to raise the question before and noted the board had approved the format previously.

The group submitted 669,972 signatures. The Bureau of Elections recommended the board place the measure on the ballot based on enough valid signatures.

If approved by a majority of voters in November, the measure would take effect 45 days after Election Day.

More on the group: The coalition is backed by Promote the Vote Michigan, the ACLU of Michigan, League of Women Voters of Michigan, All Voting is Local, and Voters Not Politicians.  In 2018, Promote the Vote successfully pushed for similar voting reform measures, allowing for automatic voter registration, obtaining early and absentee ballots and casting straight-ticket votes. 

What supporters say: The coalition says the measure offers flexibility for voters to cast their ballots, make elections more accessible and ensure election security while protecting voter privacy. 

What opponents say: Opponents claim the measure would open the door to abuse. Republicans in general have been opposed to wide expansions of absentee voting because of security and cost concerns.

Major funders: As of July 20, the group had raised $8.4 million, much of it from out of state. The largest contributor was the Sixteen Thirty Fund, a dark-money nonprofit based in Washington D.C. Another $125,000 came from movie director Steven Spielberg of California, along with $500,000 from Lynn Schusterman, a billionaire philanthropist based in Oklahoma. 

Read more: 

• Michigan Proposal 2: What’s true, false, unknown about the voting ballot question
• Voting rights ballot measure: What Proposal 2 would change in Michigan
• Michigan petition seeks 9 days of early voting, funds for absentee ballots

Proposal 3 — Reproductive Freedom for All: The measure would amend the state Constitution to make reproductive freedom a right, repealing a decades-old law that makes abortion a felony. The law was set to take effect after the U.S. Supreme Court last month struck down Roe v. Wade — a 1973 landmark case that offered federal protection for abortion. But a Michigan judge has issued an injunction blocking the state law from being enforced. 

Category: constitutional amendment proposal

History: On Sept. 9, the Michigan Supreme Court ordered the initiative onto the November ballot. On Aug. 31, the Board of State Canvassers deadlocked 2-2 and failed to place the proposal on the November ballot. The vote came after challengers argued the lack of spacing in the initiative language, which caused words to run together. Sponsors disputed the claim, arguing the law is silent on spacing issues and the board has no statutory authority to reject the measure on that ground.

The group has submitted 753,759 signatures, the most in state history. The Bureau of Elections recommended the board place the measure on the ballot based on enough valid signatures.

If approved by a majority of voters in November, the measure would take effect 45 days after Election Day.

More on the group: The coalition behind the measure consists of the ACLU of Michigan, Planned Parenthood Advocates of Michigan and Michigan Voices, a progressive nonprofit.

What supporters say: The ACLU says the proposal would protect women’s choice to end pregnancy without “political interference.”

What opponents say: Anti-abortion organizations such as the Michigan Catholic Conference said the measure was a “sad commentary on the outsized and harmful role the abortion industry plays in our politics and our society.”

Major funders: As of July 20, the campaign had raised $8.2 million. Almost $3 million came from the national ACLU and the Michigan chapter had kicked in more than $1.4 million in direct contributions. Planned Parenthood’s political arm also gave $500,000 in direct contributions. 

Read more:

• Michigan Proposal 3 fact check: No, masseuses won’t give abortions to minors
• Michigan Proposal 3: What changes if abortion becomes constitutional right
• Abortion ballot measure: What Proposal 3 would do in Michigan
• Michigan abortion-rights ballot measure has 800k signatures, organizer says
• Advocates seek ballot measure to keep abortion legal in Michigan
• Abortion-rights petition drive sees surge in volunteers after leaked Roe draft

Proposal disqualified due to insufficient signatures:

Michiganders for Fair Lending: The proposal would cap interest rates for payday loans at 36 percent and allow the state attorney general to prosecute lenders who exceed that rate.

Category: proposal to establish a new state law

Where it stands: A staff report has found the group lacked enough valid signatures to qualify for the November ballot. The Michigan Bureau of Elections estimates only 274,668 signatures are valid, which is 72,000 below the threshold.

More on the group: The committee is run by organizers of the Michigan Coalition for Responsible Lending, according to committee spokesperson Josh Hovey. The petition received support from groups including Habitat for Humanity of Michigan, Michigan Association of United Ways, Macomb County Veterans Services and Michigan League for Public Policy.

What supporters say: Habitat for Humanity of Michigan President Sandra Pearson said payday loans could put borrowers in worse financial shape than before, the Associated Press reported.

What opponents say: Advocates say payday loans are a lifeline to the needy and the law could  force legitimate lenders out of business.

Funders: As of March 18, the national ACLU had given the committee with $1.7 million in contributions and services, including staff support. The Sixteen Thirty Fund, a D.C.-based liberal dark money group, had given the committee $980,450 in contributions and services, including polling.

Read more:

• Michigan petition drives plagued by forgery. Only one makes ballot deadline
• Payday blues: Rural Michigan and the quick-cash debt hole

Proposals that have missed signature submission deadline:

Note: The following groups have missed the signature submission deadlines, meaning they will not qualify for the November ballot.

For ballot drives aiming to establish a new state law, some campaigns are still collecting signatures in hope to present the initiatives before the state Legislature. 

There is no statutory requirement for the Board of Elections to review those signatures submitted after this year’s deadline, however. Even with enough signatures, the issue could face a less favorable Legislature when presented in front of lawmakers after months of review and certification process.

MI Right to Vote: The group is sponsoring two constitutional amendment proposals. One would end the state Legislature’s ability to enact law proposed through ballot measures, while the other would:

• Require two weekends of in-person absentee voting
• Require drop-off boxes for absentee voting
• Allow voters to receive absentee-ballot applications without requesting them
• Require the postage of absentee applications and ballots to be prepaid
• Allow voters to verify identity with their photo IDs or signatures
• Allow officials to prepare for counting absentee ballots within the 7-day period before election day
• Bar lawmakers from imposing “an undue burden on the right to vote”
• Ban laws that restrict contributions to fund elections, record voters, or discriminate “against election challengers”
• Prohibit requirements of voter ID for absentee voting or social security number to register to vote
• Require the legislature to fund elections

Category: constitutional amendment proposal

Where it stands: The group failed to meet the July 11 submission deadline. It will instead aim for the 2024 ballot, campaign spokesperson Fred Green told Bridge.

More on the group: The group has a P.O. Box in Ypsilanti, according to its website. Jan BenDor, women’s rights activist in Washtenaw County and state coordinator for nonprofit Michigan Election Reform Alliance, leads the team, according to the group’s website. Other members include Michigan attorney Fred Green, who the website says fought to end gerrymandering in Michigan, and Robert Sedler, a volunteer lawyer with the American Civil Liberties Union and law professor at Wayne State University.

What supporters say: The group says its aim is to battle laws that make it harder for people to vote.

What opponents say: Defenders of the law that allows the Legislature to enact the will of the people who elect them. Since 1987, the Legislature has adopted 10 of 16 petitions sent to lawmakers.

Major funders: The group, which filed paperwork to form Jan. 20, had raised $9,728 though April 20, when the group reported contributions from 17 individuals.

Secure MI Vote: The group’s proposal would:

• Require voter ID for in-person voting and absentee ballot applications
• Require partial Social Security numbers for voter registration
• Require voters who don’t present ID in person to present it within six days after the election for the vote to be counted
• Bar unsolicited absentee ballot applications 
• Ban outside funding for elections and restrict mail-in ballots
• Provide voters with hardships with free IDs funded by a $3 million state fund.

Category: proposal to establish a new state law

Where it stands:  The group has turned in more than 514,000 signatures and has vowed to keep collecting signatures to present the issue before the state Legislature.

More on the group: The Lansing-based group shares an office address with its biggest funder — Michigan Guardians of Democracy, campaign filings show. 

That’s a newly formed dark-money group linked to Heather Lombardini, a GOP consultant.  The dark money group, which is also helping to fund other GOP-linked petition drives, had given $1.4 million in money and the resources to the campaign through April 20. The group claims on its website “VOTER FRAUD IS REAL.” More than 250 state audits and both federal and state investigations found no evidence supporting widespread voter fraud.

What supporters say: Backers, mostly Republicans, say the measure would add safeguards to the election process and ensure there is no fraud.

What opponents say: Opponents, largely Democrats, say the initiative offers solutions to a problem that doesn’t exist and instead is intended to suppress the vote and undermine trust in elections.

Major funders: Besides Michigan Guardians of Democracy, which contributed most to the group’s funding, the Michigan Republican Party has also spent more than $157,000 on the effort, including legal expenses and mailings.

Read more: 

• What to know about Secure MI vote
• Voters not Politicians slams Secure MI Vote over signature gathering
• Pandemic powers, voter ID petition drives may be in trouble in Michigan

Unlock Michigan II: The measure would limit the length of emergency orders from state or local health officials to 28 days, unless extended by the state Legislature or local governments. The measure follows controversy and a lawsuit over Gov. Gretchen Whitmer’s use of orders during the early months of the pandemic to close businesses and schools.

Where it stands: The group has vowed to keep collecting signatures to present the issue before the state Legislature next year.

More on the group: The group last year successfully campaigned to limit emergency powers of Michigan governors. In July, the Legislature repealed a 1945 law that Whitmer had used to impose COVID-19 restrictions. 

What supporters say: Unlock Michigan’s spokesperson Fred Wszolek says it would “make sure no governor gets to govern by decree.” Republicans have expressed concerns that unilateral orders from the state’s executive violate the government's separation of powers.

What opponents say: Democrats and health professionals warn the proposal could weaken the state’s response during emergencies and make it harder to keep the public safe. Another ballot committee — Public Health over Politicians — was formed in July to oppose the Republican-backed effort with funding from the Democratic Governors Association, Michigan Democratic Party and Michigan Nurses Association.

Major funders: Michigan Guardians of Democracy, a dark money nonprofit, had given $790,000 to Unlock Michigan II, through April 20.

Read more: Michigan GOP petitions to rewrite voting, pandemic and school laws in 2022 

Audit MI: The petition would force a “forensic audit” of the 2020 election and change how Michigan conducts audits after elections. It would set up an “audit board” of 10 Republicans and 10 Democrats selected by the Legislature, stripping auditing power from the Secretary of State and local election officials. The board would be allowed to raise both public and private funds and would not be required to disclose private donors. It would also establish a grand jury that could investigate findings.

Where it stands: The group has missed the signature submission deadline and has not said whether it will continue to gather signatures.

More on the group: The group was incorporated in December by Jon Paul Rutan, who is founder of the Hillsdale Justice Project and was once affiliated with the extremist group Oath Keepers. Other organizers include state House candidates Jon Rocha of Kalamazoo County.

What supporters say: Rocha says it promotes transparency and security in the election system.

What opponents say: The Michigan Democratic Party, Promote the Vote Michigan and others say the measure would sow doubt in the legitimacy of elections. Others say it would give too much power to an unelected group.

Major funders: There are no known ballot measure committees tied to Audit MI yet. The group is not required to disclose its donors due to its tax-exempt status. Rocha said the group is not required to form a committee if it has not raised or spent more than $500 under state law.

Read more: Trump backers inch closer to ballot measure to overhaul Michigan vote audits

Let MI Kids Learn: The group is pushing for two petitions: one would establish the Student Opportunity Scholarship program to pay for K-12 public or private school tuition and fees, home-schooling materials and online learning programs for those with financial needs; the other would allow taxpayers to claim a tax credit for contributions made to the scholarship program. 

Where it stands: The group has turned in more than 500,000 signatures for each of its two proposals and expects the state to certify those signatures and present the measures to the state Legislature.

More on the group: More than 20 other states have similar programs. Former U.S. Education Secretary Betsy DeVos is a backer of the effort. She has long championed school-choice programs before joining the Donald Trump administration in 2017.

What supporters say: Supporters say the program would open access to quality education for Michigan children.

What opponents say: Foes of the proposal say it could undermine public education and divert public funds into private schools. Education advocacy groups have formed a coalition — For MI Kids For Our Schools — to work against the measure. 

Major funders: DeVos, along with family members, pumped a total $350,000 into the ballot measure committee account on Dec. 3, filings show. The group also received $800,000 from Get Families Back to Work, a group sharing the same office address as the Republican Governors Association in Washington, D.C.,$615,000 from State Government Leadership Foundation, a D.C.-based conservative nonprofit, $250,000 from Lansing nonprofit Great Lakes Education Project’s advocacy arm, and $100,000 from Michigan Guardians of Democracy.  None of those groups are required to disclose their donors. 

Read more:

• Studies: Betsy DeVos’ Let MI Kids Learn may help some, but promises overstated
• Betsy DeVos backs Michigan petitions for voucher-like school choice program

Raise the Wage MI: The measure would increase Michigan’s $9.87 minimum wage to $15 per hour over five years, starting at $11 in 2023, MLive reported. 

Where it stands: The group withheld its signatures due to signature forgery concerns but said it would strive to make the November 2024 ballot.

More on the group: The committee’s treasurer, Chantel Watkins, is the lead organizer for Michigan One Fair Wage — the state chapter for national worker advocacy group One Fair Wage. Raise the Wage MI has raked in $1.35 million from the organization’s national advocacy arm, which is not required to disclose its donors. The group pushed for similar measures in 2018.

What supporters say: Supporters of minimum wage increases have said the move would lift up workers and small businesses especially as they suffer through the pandemic.

What opponents say: Groups like the Small Business Association of Michigan have opposed minimum wage increases,  arguing the could kill jobs and business owners should set market wages.

Major funders: One Fair Wage Action, a committee based in Massachusetts, donated $1.35 million in December. 

Read more:​​ Rising wages, few workers: A small town in Michigan adjusts to the new economy

Michigan United: The proposal would repeal truth in sentencing laws that require those convicted of crimes to serve their entire minimum sentences. The measure would establish credits that reduce sentences for those who earn degrees or work in prison, among other provisions. 

Where it stands: The group has missed the signature submission deadline and has not said whether it will continue to gather signatures.

More on the group: The group hails itself as a coalition of “labor, business, social service and civil rights members.” Its board of directors include members of New American Leaders (a nonprofit recruiting candidates of color to run for office), United Food and Commercial Workers International (a union representing 1.3 million workers in North America) and Michigan Nurses Association, among others. Abdul El-Sayed, who placed second in the 2018 Democratic gubernatorial primary election, also sits on the board.

What supporters say: Criminal justice advocates say the current law poses a barrier to early release for incarcerated folks who demonstrate good behavior.

What opponents say: Eaton County Prosecutor Douglas Lloyd told Michigan Radio the current law ensures crime victims of their safety from harm.

Major funders: There are no known ballot measure committees connected to the group yet, according to campaign finance filings. 

Read more: Michigan prison reform faces hurdles from Democrats Whitmer and Nessel

Michigan Initiative for Community Healing: The measure would decriminalize the use and production of natural plants or mushrooms. It would also lower the penalties for possession of controlled substances from a felony to a misdemeanor. 

Where it stands: The group has missed the signature submission deadline and has not said whether it will continue to gather signatures.

More on the group: Decriminalize Nature, a national psychedelics advocacy group, and Students for Sensible Drug Policy, which has chapters at four Michigan universities, are championing the effort, according to Marijuana Moment. Decriminalize Nature contributed $893 to Michigan Initiative for Community Healing.

What supporters say: Julie Barron, co-director of Decriminalize Nature Michigan, told PBS there’s a relationship between “humans and entheogenic plants [and] fungi” and that is a “human right.”

What opponents say: Opponents often fear the measure would lead to an uptick in drug-related crime, PBS reported. 

Major funders: As of April 20, the committee had raised roughly $21,000. Nearly half of that — $10,000 — came from Blue Sage Health consulting, an Ann Arbor-based company that runs a "psychedelic therapy training program."

Read more: Local governments across Michigan vexed over how to handle legal weed

DeCertify Michigan: The petition for initiated legislation proposes to "decertify" the 2020 presidential election, recall electors and require the Michigan Legislature to "legally establish the rightful president of the United States." 

Where it stands: The group has missed the signature submission deadline and announced the petition drive is over. Campaign organizer Robert Gelt estimated the campaign received roughly 25,000 signatures in total.

What supporters say: Organizer Robert Gelt believes the 2020 election was stolen from Trump and has claimed that more evidence will soon be revealed to prove his theory. 

What opponents say: It’s far too late to “decertify” the election or recall electors, whose votes were already certified by Congress. The initiated legislation “would not be enforceable. It would not be possible. It would have zero effect,” said David Becker, executive director of the nonpartisan Center for Election Innovation and Research.

Major funders: As of April 20, Gelt reported raising $6,505 from individuals. Gelt was the largest donor, giving $2,500 himself. Dan Hartman, executive director of Bear River Health in Boyne Falls, spent $2,347 for the committee to print petitions and pay filling fees.

Read more:Ballot measure to decertify Michigan 2020 election decried as ‘silly,’ illegal

Bridge reporters Sergio Martínez-Beltrán and Jonathan Oosting contributed.